Quick Fixes for Common Accessibility Issues on Nonprofit Sites
1. Ensure Text Contrast Compliance
Color contrast plays a crucial role in making text readable for users with visual impairments. To enhance text contrast, utilize tools such as the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) contrast checker. Aim for a contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1 for normal text and 3:1 for large text. Use dark background colors with light text and vice versa to maximize readability.
2. Implement Alt Text for Images
Images on nonprofit websites should have descriptive alt text that conveys the content and purpose. This practice improves accessibility for screen readers. For decorative images, use null alt text (alt=””) to prevent them from being read. Consider employing tools like automated alt text generation to speed up the process while ensuring meaningful content.
3. Create Keyboard Navigation
Users with motor impairments often rely on keyboard navigation instead of a mouse. Ensure all interactive elements, such as forms, menus, and buttons, are accessible via keyboard shortcuts. This can be achieved by following the tab order and using proper HTML elements, such as <button> for clickable items and <a> for links.
4. Structure Content with Headings and Lists
Proper structuring of website content using heading tags (H1, H2, H3) and lists (ordered and unordered) enhances readability and allows screen readers to navigate easily. Use headings in a hierarchical order and avoid skipping levels to simplify content navigation.
5. Use Descriptive Links
Links should inform users about their destination; avoid vague phrases like “click here.” Instead, use descriptive text that indicates where the link will take the user. This is particularly important for screen reader users who often navigate by link rather than by following the content.
6. Optimize Form Accessibility
Forms are vital for nonprofit sites, enabling donations, registrations, and inquiries. Label each form control with a clear and specific label and associate it programmatically with the corresponding input field using the <label> element. Include clear error messages and suggestions upon submission failure.
7. Provide Transcripts for Multimedia
For video and audio content, include transcripts that summarize or provide details of what is spoken. This is essential for users who are deaf or hard of hearing. Use captions in videos for the same purpose, ensuring that they are synchronized with the video playback.
8. Avoid Auto-Playing Audio and Video
Auto-playing media can be disruptive for users who rely on screen readers or those with cognitive disabilities. Instead, allow users to choose when to play audio or video content. This can be implemented with clear controls for play, pause, and volume adjustment.
9. Use Accessible Document Formats
Many nonprofits share PDFs and other document types. Ensure these formats are accessible by providing a tagged PDF version and using proper heading structures, alt text for images, and logical reading order. Users should be able to navigate documents with assistive technologies effortlessly.
10. Optimize for Responsive Design
A significant portion of users accesses nonprofit sites via mobile devices. Ensure your site is responsive and maintains accessibility features across different screen sizes. Use flexible layouts, media queries, and touch-friendly buttons to cater to both desktop and mobile users.
11. Test with Real Users
Engaging real users with disabilities in testing phases can reveal accessibility issues that automated tools may miss. Conduct usability testing sessions to gather feedback on site navigation and feature accessibility. This firsthand information is invaluable for making refined adjustments.
12. Implement ARIA Roles and Landmarks
Accessible Rich Internet Applications (ARIA) roles and landmarks help make complex content more navigable. Use ARIA attributes like role, aria-label, and aria-hidden to enhance screen reader experiences. However, remember that ARIA should only be used when native HTML elements do not convey the right information.
13. Regularly Audit Accessibility
Conduct regular accessibility audits to identify and address potential issues continuously. Use tools like Lighthouse or WAVE for automated testing, but complement this with manual checks. Emerging content should be created with accessibility principles as a core consideration.
14. Provide Clear and Consistent Navigation
Navigation should be easy to find and consistently placed across all pages. Clear headings, well-organized menus, and a sitemap can help users with cognitive disabilities navigate your site effectively. Consider sticky navigation for mobile users to maintain usability.
15. Maintain a Mobile-Friendly Layout
Examine your site’s mobile usability to ensure that everything is easy to access from smaller screens. Touch targets should be at least 44×44 pixels to allow easy interaction. Additionally, confirm that text remains readable without requiring zoom or horizontal scrolling.
16. Limit Content Flashing
Content that flashes or flickers can trigger seizures in users with photosensitive epilepsy. Make sure no content flashes more than three times per second, and consider providing an option for users to disable unnecessary animations.
17. Ensure Text Resizing Capability
Ensure that your site allows users to resize text without loss of content or functionality. Avoid fixed font sizes; instead, use relative units such as ‘em’ or ‘rem’. This approach accommodates users who need larger text to read comfortably.
18. Keep Language Simple and Clear
Use simple, straightforward language on your nonprofit site. This practice enhances accessibility, especially for users with cognitive disabilities or those who may not be familiar with niche terminology. Define complex terms clearly or provide glossaries where needed.
19. Add Skip Links
For users reliant on keyboard navigation, skip links enable them to bypass repetitive navigation elements and jump directly to content. Implement a “Skip to content” link at the top of your pages, enhancing the usability for keyboard users.
20. Regularly Update Training for Staff and Volunteers
Awareness of web accessibility within your organization is crucial. Regular training sessions for staff and volunteers can ensure they are familiar with accessibility best practices. Encourage everyone involved in content creation or site management to prioritize accessibility at every level.
21. Provide Clear Calls to Action (CTAs)
Make sure CTAs are easily identifiable and actionable. Use compelling language and distinct styles, ensuring they stand out from the surrounding content. Properly framing CTAs can lead to increased engagement, especially from users requiring accessibility features.
22. Validate HTML and CSS Code
Improperly written HTML and CSS can create barriers for assistive technologies. Use tools like the W3C Validator to check your code. Address any errors to ensure your site functions correctly and remains compliant with web standards.
23. Educate about Accessibility Best Practices
Share resources and guidelines on accessibility with your team. Familiarizing everyone with these principles will create a more inclusive environment for both users and creators. Arrange workshops and seminars to foster a culture of inclusivity within your nonprofit.
24. Collaborate with Experts
If possible, consult with accessibility experts or utilize services that specialize in creating accessible websites. These professionals can provide tailored recommendations and actionable solutions that may go beyond basic guidelines, ensuring comprehensive access for all users.
25. Build an Accessibility Statement
An accessibility statement outlines your commitment to accessibility, detailing the steps you are taking to ensure your site meets the necessary standards. It informs visitors about available options should they encounter issues. Creating a proactive stance demonstrates your dedication to inclusivity.
By implementing these quick fixes, nonprofit organizations can make significant strides toward enhancing the accessibility and usability of their websites, thus empowering every user to engage completely with their mission.
